【哪些短语用就近原则】在英语语法中，"就近原则"（Proximity Rule）是指在某些情况下，动词或代词的单复数形式要根据最接近它的主语或代词来决定。这一规则常见于一些特定的短语或结构中，尤其是在主谓一致和代词指代方面。掌握这些短语有助于提高语言表达的准确性。
以下是一些常见的使用“就近原则”的短语，并附上表格进行总结：
一、常见使用就近原则的短语
1. Either... or...
- 例子：Either the teacher or the students are responsible.
- 解释：当主语由“either... or...”连接时，动词的单复数取决于靠近动词的主语。这里“students”是复数，所以动词用“are”。
2. Neither... nor...
- 例子：Neither the students nor the teacher is available.
- 解释：同样，动词的单复数取决于离动词最近的主语。这里“teacher”是单数，所以动词用“is”。
3. Not only... but also...
- 例子：Not only the students but also the teacher is coming.
- 解释：动词的单复数由“but also”后面的主语决定，这里是“teacher”，所以用“is”。
4. There be 句型中的主语
- 例子：There is a book and two pens on the table.
- 解释：虽然有两个物品，但“a book”是单数，因此动词用“is”。
5. A number of + 复数名词
- 例子：A number of students are attending the meeting.
- 解释：“a number of”后面接复数名词，动词也用复数形式。
6. The number of + 复数名词
- 例子：The number of students is increasing.
- 解释：这里的主语是“the number”，是单数，因此动词用“is”。
7. More than one + 单数名词
- 例子：More than one student has passed the exam.
- 解释：尽管有多个学生，但“more than one”视为单数，动词用“has”。
8. Each... and each...
- 例子：Each boy and each girl has received a gift.
- 解释：即使有两个主语，动词仍用单数形式。
9. One and a half + 复数名词
- 例子：One and a half hours have passed.
- 解释：虽然表示时间，但“one and a half”作为整体，动词用复数。
10. Many a + 单数名词
- 例子：Many a student has failed the test.
- 解释：“many a”后接单数名词，动词用单数。
二、总结表格
| 短语/结构 | 主语单复数判断依据 | 动词形式 | 举例说明 |
| Either... or... | 最近的主语 | 与最近主语一致 | Either the teacher or the students are responsible. |
| Neither... nor... | 最近的主语 | 与最近主语一致 | Neither the students nor the teacher is available. |
| Not only... but also... | “but also”后的主语 | 与后者一致 | Not only the students but also the teacher is coming. |
| There be 句型 | 最近的主语 | 与最近主语一致 | There is a book and two pens on the table. |
| A number of + 复数名词 | 后面的复数名词 | 复数 | A number of students are attending the meeting. |
| The number of + 复数名词 | “the number”（单数） | 单数 | The number of students is increasing. |
| More than one + 单数名词 | “more than one”视为单数 | 单数 | More than one student has passed the exam. |
| Each... and each... | 整体视为单数 | 单数 | Each boy and each girl has received a gift. |
| One and a half + 复数名词 | 整体视为复数 | 复数 | One and a half hours have passed. |
| Many a + 单数名词 | “many a”后接单数名词 | 单数 | Many a student has failed the test. |
三、小结
了解并掌握这些使用“就近原则”的短语，可以帮助我们在写作和口语中更准确地选择动词形式，避免语法错误。在实际应用中，注意主语的位置和结构，有助于正确判断动词的单复数形式。通过不断练习和积累，可以更加自然地运用这些规则。
